Ruteo estático#
Topología de red#
Se utilizará la misma topología para todos los protocolos de ruteo internos:
 |
| Topología para protocolos de ruteo internos |
| Archivo de Packet Tracer con la topología de red |
| Archivo de Packet Tracer con la implementación de ruteo estático |
Cada router tiene las siguientes interfaces
| Interfaz | Tipo | Conexión |
|---|---|---|
| GigabitEthernet0/0 | Fibra Óptica | Hacia otro router |
| GigabitEthernet1/0 | Fibra Óptica | Hacia otro router |
| GigabitEthernet2/0 | Ethernet | Hacia red LAN |
 |
| Interfaces de red de routers |
Las redes presentes en esta topología son las siguientes:
Redes de equipos
| Red | Equipo | Dirección IP | Máscara de red |
|---|---|---|---|
| A | PC-0 | 192.168.0.1 | 255.255.255.0 |
| A | SW-0 | 192.168.0.253 | 255.255.255.0 |
| A | R1 | 192.168.0.254 | 255.255.255.0 |
| B | Server-1 | 10.10.10.1 | 255.255.255.0 |
| B | SW-1 | 10.10.10.253 | 255.255.255.0 |
| B | R1 | 10.10.10.254 | 255.255.255.0 |
| C | Server-2 | 10.20.20.1 | 255.255.255.0 |
| C | SW-2 | 10.20.20.253 | 255.255.255.0 |
| C | R2 | 10.20.20.254 | 255.255.255.0 |
| D | Laptop-3 | 192.168.100.1 | 255.255.255.0 |
| D | SW-3 | 192.168.100.253 | 255.255.255.0 |
| D | R3 | 192.168.100.254 | 255.255.255.0 |
Redes que interconectan a los ruteadores
| Red | Equipo | Dirección IP | Máscara de red |
|---|---|---|---|
| W | R0 | 172.16.0.1 | 255.255.255.252 |
| W | R1 | 172.16.0.2 | 255.255.255.252 |
| X | R1 | 172.16.1.1 | 255.255.255.252 |
| X | R2 | 172.16.1.2 | 255.255.255.252 |
| Y | R2 | 172.16.2.1 | 255.255.255.252 |
| Y | R3 | 172.16.2.2 | 255.255.255.252 |
| Z | R3 | 172.16.3.1 | 255.255.255.252 |
| Z | R0 | 172.16.3.2 | 255.255.255.252 |
Configuración en Cisco IOS#
La configuración se realiza en tres partes por cada router
- Equipos directamente conectados
- Redes intermedias de interconexión
- Red con destino indirecto
La configuración se debe realizar en el modo de configuración global
Router-0> enable
Router-0# configure terminal
Router-0(config)#
Al finalizar la configuración se debe ejecutar el comando end para aplicar los cambios
Router-0(config)# end
Router-0#
%SYS-5-CONFIG_I: Configured from console by console
Para mostrar la tabla de rutas se utiliza el comando show ip route que muestra la siguiente leyenda sobre las rutas del equipo:
``` Router-0# show ip route
Codes: C - connected, S - static, I - IGRP, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2 E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, E - EGP i - IS-IS, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2, ia - IS-IS inter area * - candidate default, U - per-user static route, o - ODR P - periodic downloaded static route ```
Configuración para Router-0#
enable
configure terminal
! Directamente conectados
ip route 10.10.10.0 255.255.255.0 172.16.0.2
ip route 192.168.100.0 255.255.255.0 172.16.3.1
!
! Paso intermedio
ip route 172.16.1.0 255.255.255.252 172.16.0.2
ip route 172.16.2.0 255.255.255.252 172.16.3.1
!
! Destino indirecto
ip route 10.20.20.0 255.255.255.0 172.16.1.2
ip route 10.20.20.0 255.255.255.0 172.16.2.1
!
end
Tabla de rutas para Router-0#
``` Router-0# show ip route
Gateway of last resort is not set
10.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 2 subnets
S 10.10.10.0 [1/0] via 172.16.0.2 S 10.20.20.0 [1/0] via 172.16.1.2 [1/0] via 172.16.2.1 172.16.0.0/30 is subnetted, 4 subnets C 172.16.0.0 is directly connected, GigabitEthernet0/0 S 172.16.1.0 [1/0] via 172.16.0.2 S 172.16.2.0 [1/0] via 172.16.3.1 C 172.16.3.0 is directly connected, GigabitEthernet1/0 C 192.168.0.0/24 is directly connected, GigabitEthernet2/0 S 192.168.100.0/24 [1/0] via 172.16.3.1 ```
Configuración para Router-1#
enable
configure terminal
! Directamente conectados
ip route 192.168.0.0 255.255.255.0 172.16.0.1
ip route 10.20.20.0 255.255.255.0 172.16.1.2
!
! Paso intermedio
ip route 172.16.2.0 255.255.255.252 172.16.1.2
ip route 172.16.3.0 255.255.255.252 172.16.0.1
!
! Destino indirecto
ip route 192.168.100.0 255.255.255.0 172.16.0.1
ip route 192.168.100.0 255.255.255.0 172.16.1.2
!
end
Tabla de rutas para Router-1#
``` Router-1# show ip route
Gateway of last resort is not set
10.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 2 subnets
C 10.10.10.0 is directly connected, GigabitEthernet2/0 S 10.20.20.0 [1/0] via 172.16.1.2 172.16.0.0/30 is subnetted, 4 subnets C 172.16.0.0 is directly connected, GigabitEthernet1/0 C 172.16.1.0 is directly connected, GigabitEthernet0/0 S 172.16.2.0 [1/0] via 172.16.1.2 S 172.16.3.0 [1/0] via 172.16.0.1 S 192.168.0.0/24 [1/0] via 172.16.0.1 S 192.168.100.0/24 [1/0] via 172.16.0.1 [1/0] via 172.16.1.2 ```
Configuración para Router-2#
enable
configure terminal
! Directamente conectados
ip route 10.10.10.0 255.255.255.0 172.16.1.1
ip route 192.168.100.0 255.255.255.0 172.16.2.2
!
! Paso intermedio
ip route 172.16.0.0 255.255.255.252 172.16.1.1
ip route 172.16.3.0 255.255.255.252 172.16.2.2
!
! Destino indirecto
ip route 192.168.0.0 255.255.255.0 172.16.0.1
ip route 192.168.0.0 255.255.255.0 172.16.3.2
!
end
Tabla de rutas para Router-2#
``` Router-2# show ip route
Gateway of last resort is not set
10.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 2 subnets
S 10.10.10.0 [1/0] via 172.16.1.1 C 10.20.20.0 is directly connected, GigabitEthernet2/0 172.16.0.0/30 is subnetted, 4 subnets S 172.16.0.0 [1/0] via 172.16.1.1 C 172.16.1.0 is directly connected, GigabitEthernet1/0 C 172.16.2.0 is directly connected, GigabitEthernet0/0 S 172.16.3.0 [1/0] via 172.16.2.2 S 192.168.0.0/24 [1/0] via 172.16.0.1 [1/0] via 172.16.3.2 S 192.168.100.0/24 [1/0] via 172.16.2.2 ```
Configuración para Router-3#
enable
configure terminal
! Directamente conectados
ip route 192.168.0.0 255.255.255.0 172.16.3.2
ip route 10.20.20.0 255.255.255.0 172.16.2.1
!
! Paso intermedio
ip route 172.16.0.0 255.255.255.252 172.16.3.2
ip route 172.16.1.0 255.255.255.252 172.16.1.2
!
! Destino indirecto
ip route 10.10.10.0 255.255.255.0 172.16.0.2
ip route 10.10.10.0 255.255.255.0 172.16.1.1
!
end
Tabla de rutas para Router-3#
``` Router-3# show ip route
Gateway of last resort is not set
10.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 2 subnets
S 10.10.10.0 [1/0] via 172.16.0.2 S 10.20.20.0 [1/0] via 172.16.2.1 172.16.0.0/30 is subnetted, 3 subnets S 172.16.0.0 [1/0] via 172.16.3.2 C 172.16.2.0 is directly connected, GigabitEthernet1/0 C 172.16.3.0 is directly connected, GigabitEthernet0/0 S 192.168.0.0/24 [1/0] via 172.16.3.2 C 192.168.100.0/24 is directly connected, GigabitEthernet2/0 ```
Referencias#
- https://www.cisco.com/c/en/us/td/docs/ios/iproute_pi/command/reference/iri_book/iri_pi1.html#ip_route
- https://www.cisco.com/c/en/us/td/docs/switches/wan/mgx/mgx_8850/software/mgx_r3/rpm/rpm_r1-1/configuration/guide/appc.html
- https://www.computernetworkingnotes.com/ccna-study-guide/static-routing-configuration-guide-with-examples.html