Ruteo estático#

Topología de red#

Se utilizará la misma topología para todos los protocolos de ruteo internos:
Topología para protocolos de ruteo internos
Archivo de Packet Tracer con la topología de red
Archivo de Packet Tracer con la implementación de ruteo estático

Cada router tiene las siguientes interfaces

Interfaz Tipo Conexión
GigabitEthernet0/0 Fibra Óptica Hacia otro router
GigabitEthernet1/0 Fibra Óptica Hacia otro router
GigabitEthernet2/0 Ethernet Hacia red LAN
Interfaces de red de routers

Las redes presentes en esta topología son las siguientes:

Redes de equipos

Red Equipo Dirección IP Máscara de red
A PC-0 192.168.0.1 255.255.255.0
A SW-0 192.168.0.253 255.255.255.0
A R1 192.168.0.254 255.255.255.0
B Server-1 10.10.10.1 255.255.255.0
B SW-1 10.10.10.253 255.255.255.0
B R1 10.10.10.254 255.255.255.0
C Server-2 10.20.20.1 255.255.255.0
C SW-2 10.20.20.253 255.255.255.0
C R2 10.20.20.254 255.255.255.0
D Laptop-3 192.168.100.1 255.255.255.0
D SW-3 192.168.100.253 255.255.255.0
D R3 192.168.100.254 255.255.255.0

Redes que interconectan a los ruteadores

Red Equipo Dirección IP Máscara de red
W R0 172.16.0.1 255.255.255.252
W R1 172.16.0.2 255.255.255.252
X R1 172.16.1.1 255.255.255.252
X R2 172.16.1.2 255.255.255.252
Y R2 172.16.2.1 255.255.255.252
Y R3 172.16.2.2 255.255.255.252
Z R3 172.16.3.1 255.255.255.252
Z R0 172.16.3.2 255.255.255.252

Configuración en Cisco IOS#

La configuración se realiza en tres partes por cada router

  1. Equipos directamente conectados
  2. Redes intermedias de interconexión
  3. Red con destino indirecto

La configuración se debe realizar en el modo de configuración global

Router-0> enable
Router-0# configure terminal
Router-0(config)#

Al finalizar la configuración se debe ejecutar el comando end para aplicar los cambios

Router-0(config)# end
Router-0#
%SYS-5-CONFIG_I: Configured from console by console

Para mostrar la tabla de rutas se utiliza el comando show ip route que muestra la siguiente leyenda sobre las rutas del equipo:

Router-0# show ip route

Codes: C - connected, S - static, I - IGRP, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP
       D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area
       N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2
       E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, E - EGP
       i - IS-IS, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2, ia - IS-IS inter area
       * - candidate default, U - per-user static route, o - ODR
       P - periodic downloaded static route

Configuración para Router-0#

enable
configure terminal
! Directamente conectados
ip route 10.10.10.0 255.255.255.0 172.16.0.2
ip route 192.168.100.0 255.255.255.0 172.16.3.1
!
! Paso intermedio
ip route 172.16.1.0 255.255.255.252 172.16.0.2
ip route 172.16.2.0 255.255.255.252 172.16.3.1
!
! Destino indirecto
ip route 10.20.20.0 255.255.255.0 172.16.1.2
ip route 10.20.20.0 255.255.255.0 172.16.2.1
!
end

Tabla de rutas para Router-0#

Router-0# show ip route

Gateway of last resort is not set

     10.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 2 subnets
S       10.10.10.0 [1/0] via 172.16.0.2
S       10.20.20.0 [1/0] via 172.16.1.2
                   [1/0] via 172.16.2.1
     172.16.0.0/30 is subnetted, 4 subnets
C       172.16.0.0 is directly connected, GigabitEthernet0/0
S       172.16.1.0 [1/0] via 172.16.0.2
S       172.16.2.0 [1/0] via 172.16.3.1
C       172.16.3.0 is directly connected, GigabitEthernet1/0
C    192.168.0.0/24 is directly connected, GigabitEthernet2/0
S    192.168.100.0/24 [1/0] via 172.16.3.1

Configuración para Router-1#

enable
configure terminal
! Directamente conectados
ip route 192.168.0.0 255.255.255.0 172.16.0.1
ip route 10.20.20.0 255.255.255.0 172.16.1.2
!
! Paso intermedio
ip route 172.16.2.0 255.255.255.252 172.16.1.2
ip route 172.16.3.0 255.255.255.252 172.16.0.1
!
! Destino indirecto
ip route 192.168.100.0 255.255.255.0 172.16.0.1
ip route 192.168.100.0 255.255.255.0 172.16.1.2
!
end

Tabla de rutas para Router-1#

Router-1# show ip route

Gateway of last resort is not set

     10.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 2 subnets
C       10.10.10.0 is directly connected, GigabitEthernet2/0
S       10.20.20.0 [1/0] via 172.16.1.2
     172.16.0.0/30 is subnetted, 4 subnets
C       172.16.0.0 is directly connected, GigabitEthernet1/0
C       172.16.1.0 is directly connected, GigabitEthernet0/0
S       172.16.2.0 [1/0] via 172.16.1.2
S       172.16.3.0 [1/0] via 172.16.0.1
S    192.168.0.0/24 [1/0] via 172.16.0.1
S    192.168.100.0/24 [1/0] via 172.16.0.1
                      [1/0] via 172.16.1.2

Configuración para Router-2#

enable
configure terminal
! Directamente conectados
ip route 10.10.10.0 255.255.255.0 172.16.1.1
ip route 192.168.100.0 255.255.255.0 172.16.2.2
!
! Paso intermedio
ip route 172.16.0.0 255.255.255.252 172.16.1.1
ip route 172.16.3.0 255.255.255.252 172.16.2.2
!
! Destino indirecto
ip route 192.168.0.0 255.255.255.0 172.16.0.1
ip route 192.168.0.0 255.255.255.0 172.16.3.2
!
end

Tabla de rutas para Router-2#

Router-2# show ip route

Gateway of last resort is not set

     10.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 2 subnets
S       10.10.10.0 [1/0] via 172.16.1.1
C       10.20.20.0 is directly connected, GigabitEthernet2/0
     172.16.0.0/30 is subnetted, 4 subnets
S       172.16.0.0 [1/0] via 172.16.1.1
C       172.16.1.0 is directly connected, GigabitEthernet1/0
C       172.16.2.0 is directly connected, GigabitEthernet0/0
S       172.16.3.0 [1/0] via 172.16.2.2
S    192.168.0.0/24 [1/0] via 172.16.0.1
                    [1/0] via 172.16.3.2
S    192.168.100.0/24 [1/0] via 172.16.2.2

Configuración para Router-3#

enable
configure terminal
! Directamente conectados
ip route 192.168.0.0 255.255.255.0 172.16.3.2
ip route 10.20.20.0 255.255.255.0 172.16.2.1
!
! Paso intermedio
ip route 172.16.0.0 255.255.255.252 172.16.3.2
ip route 172.16.1.0 255.255.255.252 172.16.1.2
!
! Destino indirecto
ip route 10.10.10.0 255.255.255.0 172.16.0.2
ip route 10.10.10.0 255.255.255.0 172.16.1.1
!
end

Tabla de rutas para Router-3#

Router-3# show ip route

Gateway of last resort is not set

     10.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 2 subnets
S       10.10.10.0 [1/0] via 172.16.0.2
S       10.20.20.0 [1/0] via 172.16.2.1
     172.16.0.0/30 is subnetted, 3 subnets
S       172.16.0.0 [1/0] via 172.16.3.2
C       172.16.2.0 is directly connected, GigabitEthernet1/0
C       172.16.3.0 is directly connected, GigabitEthernet0/0
S    192.168.0.0/24 [1/0] via 172.16.3.2
C    192.168.100.0/24 is directly connected, GigabitEthernet2/0

Referencias#