Configuración de CentOS Stream 9#

Configuración en VirtualBox#

Quitar imagen ISO de instalación#

Agregar interfaz host-only#

Configuración del portapapeles y drag and drop#

Configuración de aceleración 3D#

Creación de snapshot#

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Configuración de la máquina virtual#

Información del sistema#

Configuración de repositorios#

• Eleva privilegios utilizando su

[tonejito@centos-8 ~]$ su -
Password:
[root@centos-8 ~]#

• Actualiza la lista de paquetes disponibles

[root@centos-8 ~]# dnf makecache
    ...
Metadata cache created.

• Instala el paquete epel-release para agregar el repostorio EPEL al sistema.

[root@centos-8 ~]# dnf install epel-release

    ...

Install  2 Packages

Total download size: 35 k
Installed size: 38 k
Is this ok [y/N]: y

    ...

Importing GPG key 0x8483C65D:
 Userid     : "CentOS (CentOS Official Signing Key) <security@centos.org>"
 Fingerprint: 99DB 70FA E1D7 CE22 7FB6 4882 05B5 55B3 8483 C65D
 From       : /etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-centosofficial
Is this ok [y/N]: y
Key imported successfully

    ...

Installed:
  epel-next-release-8-11.el8.noarch            epel-release-8-11.el8.noarch

Complete!

• Actualiza la lista de paquetes disponibles

[root@centos-8 ~]# dnf makecache
    ...
Metadata cache created.

Configurar sudo#

• Eleva privilegios utilizando su

[tonejito@centos-8 ~]$ su -
Password:
[root@centos-8 ~]#

• Instala el paquete de sudo

[root@centos-8 ~]# dnf install sudo
Last metadata expiration check: 0:06:35 ago on Tue 22 Feb 2022 01:43:37 AM CST.
Package sudo-1.8.29-8.el8.x86_64 is already installed.

• Edita el archivo /etc/sudoers

# visudo

• Modifica la línea para no requerir contraseña al ejecutar sudo

# Allows people in  group wheel to run all commands
# %wheel    ALL=(ALL)   ALL

## Same thing without a password
%wheel  ALL=(ALL)   NOPASSWD:   ALL

• Agrega a tu usuario al grupo wheel para que pueda elevar privilegios

[root@centos-8 ~]# usermod -aG wheel tonejito

• Verifica que el usuario esté en el grupo wheel

[root@centos-8 ~]# groups tonejito
tonejito : tonejito wheel

• Reinicia la máquina virtual para aplicar los cambios

[root@centos-8 ~]# reboot
    ...

Instalar SSH#

• Instala el servicio de SSH

[root@centos-8 ~]# dnf install openssh-server
Last metadata expiration check: 0:03:25 ago on Tue 22 Feb 2022 01:43:37 AM CST.
Package openssh-server-8.0p1-12.el8.x86_64 is already installed.
Dependencies resolved.
Nothing to do.
Complete

• Habilita el servicio de SSH

root@debian-11:~# systemctl enable sshd

• Agrega una regla al firewall de host para permitir el tráfico de entrada SSH

[root@centos-8 ~]# firewall-cmd --zone=public --permanent --add-service=ssh
Warning: ALREADY_ENABLED: ssh
success

[root@centos-8 ~]# firewall-cmd --reload
success

Configura la interfaz de red host-only#

• Revisa que el sistema operativo reconozca la interfaz de red y que esta no se encuentre configurada

[root@centos-8 ~]# ip addr
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN group default qlen 1000
    link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
    inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet6 ::1/128 scope host
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
2: enp0s3: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc fq_codel state UP group default qlen 1000
    link/ether 08:00:27:3c:7d:19 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
    inet 10.0.2.15/24 brd 10.0.2.255 scope global dynamic noprefixroute enp0s3
       valid_lft 83813sec preferred_lft 83813sec
    inet6 fe80::a00:27ff:fe3c:7d19/64 scope link noprefixroute
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
3: enp0s8: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc fq_codel state UP group default qlen 1000
    link/ether 08:00:27:2a:29:14 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
4: virbr0: <NO-CARRIER,BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP> mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue state DOWN group default qlen 1000
    link/ether 52:54:00:7b:94:83 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
    inet 192.168.122.1/24 brd 192.168.122.255 scope global virbr0
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever

• Crea el archivo /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-enp0s8 con el siguiente conetenido

DEVICE=enp0s8
TYPE=Ethernet
BOOTPROTO=dhcp
DEFROUTE=no
NAME=enp0s8
ONBOOT=yes

• Instala los paquetes de compatibilidad para tener los comandos ifup e ifdown

[root@centos-8 ~]# dnf install network-scripts NetworkManager-initscripts-updown
    ...

• Levanta de manera manual tu interfaz de red

[root@centos-8 ~]# ifup enp0s8
WARN      : [ifup] You are using 'ifup' script provided by 'network-scripts', which are now deprecated.
WARN      : [ifup] 'network-scripts' will be removed in one of the next major releases of RHEL.
WARN      : [ifup] It is advised to switch to 'NetworkManager' instead - it provides 'ifup/ifdown' scripts as well.

• Verifica que la interfaz de red esté configurada

[root@centos-8 ~]# ip addr
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN group default qlen 1000
    link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
    inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet6 ::1/128 scope host
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
2: enp0s3: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc fq_codel state UP group default qlen 1000
    link/ether 08:00:27:3c:7d:19 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
    inet 10.0.2.15/24 brd 10.0.2.255 scope global dynamic noprefixroute enp0s3
       valid_lft 83693sec preferred_lft 83693sec
    inet6 fe80::a00:27ff:fe3c:7d19/64 scope link noprefixroute
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
3: enp0s8: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc fq_codel state UP group default qlen 1000
    link/ether 08:00:27:2a:29:14 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
    inet 172.28.128.8/24 brd 172.28.128.255 scope global dynamic noprefixroute enp0s8
       valid_lft 592sec preferred_lft 592sec
    inet6 fe80::a00:27ff:fe2a:2914/64 scope link
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
4: virbr0: <NO-CARRIER,BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP> mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue state DOWN group default qlen 1000
    link/ether 52:54:00:7b:94:83 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
    inet 192.168.122.1/24 brd 192.168.122.255 scope global virbr0
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever

Instalar software#

• Instala las herramientas de Python en el sistema

• Instala las herramientas de red en el sistema

[root@centos-8 ~]# dnf install tcpdump nmap netcat ngrep dsniff wget curl whois bind-utils net-tools iproute iptables iptables-services iputils traceroute ethtool
    ...

Instalar wireshark#

• Instala wireshark utilizando dnf

[root@centos-8 ~]# dnf install wireshark wireshark-cli
    ...

• Verifica que exista el grupo de usuarios wireshark

[root@centos-8 ~]# getent group wireshark
wireshark:x:972:

• Agrega tu usuario al grupo wireshark

[root@centos-8 ~]# usermod -aG wireshark tonejito

• Verifica que tu usuario pertenezca al grupo

[root@centos-8 ~]# groups tonejito
tonejito : tonejito wheel wireshark

Configuración de las herramientas de VirtualBox para Linux#

• Instala las herramientas de desarrollo para compilar los módulos de kernel

[root@centos-8 ~]# dnf groupinstall "Development tools"
    ...

)root@centos-8 ~]# dnf install dkms kernel-headers kernel-devel kernel-devel-$(uname -r)

• Inserta la imagen ISO de las utilerías de VirtualBox en la máquina virtual

• Verifica que la imagen ISO se encuentre montada en /run/media/tonejito/VBox_GAs_6.1.30/
  • Monta la imágen ISO en el directorio si es necesario
  • El nombre de la carpeta puede ser diferente en otras versiones de VirtualBox

[root@centos-8 ~]# ls -la /run/media/tonejito/VBox_GAs_6.1.30/
total 46923
dr-xr-xr-x 5 root root     2570 Nov 22 09:24 .
drwxr-xr-x 3 root root     4096 Feb 21 23:30 ..
-r--r--r-- 1 root root      763 Feb 20  2020 AUTORUN.INF
-r-xr-xr-x 1 root root     6384 Nov 22 09:17 autorun.sh
dr-xr-xr-x 2 root root      792 Nov 22 09:24 cert
dr-xr-xr-x 2 root root     1824 Nov 22 09:24 NT3x
dr-xr-xr-x 2 root root     2652 Nov 22 09:24 OS2
-r-xr-xr-x 1 root root     4821 Nov 22 09:17 runasroot.sh
-r--r--r-- 1 root root      592 Nov 22 09:24 TRANS.TBL
-r--r--r-- 1 root root  3991991 Nov 22 09:21 VBoxDarwinAdditions.pkg
-r-xr-xr-x 1 root root     3949 Nov 22 09:16 VBoxDarwinAdditionsUninstall.tool
-r-xr-xr-x 1 root root  7443891 Nov 22 09:18 VBoxLinuxAdditions.run
-r--r--r-- 1 root root  9420288 Nov 22 09:10 VBoxSolarisAdditions.pkg
-r-xr-xr-x 1 root root 16890912 Nov 22 09:21 VBoxWindowsAdditions-amd64.exe
-r-xr-xr-x 1 root root   270840 Nov 22 09:18 VBoxWindowsAdditions.exe
-r-xr-xr-x 1 root root  9998128 Nov 22 09:19 VBoxWindowsAdditions-x86.exe
-r--r--r-- 1 root root      259 Oct  4 10:48 windows11-bypass.reg

• Ejecuta el script de instalación para compilar los módulos de kernel y habilitar los servicios

[root@centos-8 ~]# cd /run/media/tonejito/VBox_GAs_6.1.30/
[root@centos-8 VBox_GAs_6.1.30]# bash ./VBoxLinuxAdditions.run
Verifying archive integrity... All good.
Uncompressing VirtualBox 6.1.30 Guest Additions for Linux........
VirtualBox Guest Additions installer
Copying additional installer modules ...
Installing additional modules ...
VirtualBox Guest Additions: Starting.
VirtualBox Guest Additions: Building the VirtualBox Guest Additions kernel modules.
VirtualBox Guest Additions: This may take a while.
VirtualBox Guest Additions: To build modules for other installed kernels, run
VirtualBox Guest Additions:   /sbin/rcvboxadd quicksetup <version>
VirtualBox Guest Additions: or
VirtualBox Guest Additions:   /sbin/rcvboxadd quicksetup all
VirtualBox Guest Additions: Building the modules for kernel 4.18.0-365.el8.x86_64.

VirtualBox Guest Additions: Look at /var/log/vboxadd-setup.log to find out what went wrong
VirtualBox Guest Additions: Running kernel modules will not be replaced until the system is restarted

• Reinicia el equipo y verifica que los módulos de kernel se carguen

[root@centos-8 VBox_GAs_6.0.24]# lsmod | grep vbox
vboxsf                 90112  0
vboxguest             385024  3 vboxsf
vboxvideo              32768  0
drm_vram_helper        20480  1 vboxvideo
drm_ttm_helper         16384  2 drm_vram_helper,vboxvideo
drm_kms_helper        266240  3 vmwgfx,drm_vram_helper,vboxvideo
drm                   585728  9 vmwgfx,drm_kms_helper,drm_vram_helper,vboxvideo,drm_ttm_helper,ttm

Configuración de carpeta compartida con la máquina física#

• Una vez que las utilerías de VirtualBox se encuentren configuradas en la máquina virtual, puedes compartir carpetas

• Verifica que la carpeta compartida esté en la ubicación que seleccionaste
  • Puedes crear algunos archivos o directorios y ver que aparezcan en la máquina física y en la virtual

[root@centos-8 ~]# mount | grep vbox
Public on /mnt/shared type vboxsf (rw,nodev,relatime,iocharset=utf8,uid=0,gid=973,dmode=0770,fmode=0770,tag=VBoxAutomounter)

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